{"id":203,"date":"2026-06-07T20:35:14","date_gmt":"2026-06-07T12:35:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ceramicwashers.com\/?p=203"},"modified":"2026-06-07T20:35:14","modified_gmt":"2026-06-07T12:35:14","slug":"%e1%83%90%e1%83%9a%e1%83%a3%e1%83%9b%e1%83%98%e1%83%9c%e1%83%98%e1%83%a1-%e1%83%98%e1%83%96%e1%83%9d%e1%83%9a%e1%83%90%e1%83%a2%e1%83%9d%e1%83%a0%e1%83%98-%e1%83%9b%e1%83%90%e1%83%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ceramicwashers.com\/ka\/alumina-insulator-the-material-that-survived-where-porcelain-kept-failing\/","title":{"rendered":"\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8: \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d8\u10e5 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10dd, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10e4\u10d0\u10d8\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<div>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u10db\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10de\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10df\u10d8\u10dc\u10e0\u10dd \u10d2\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d0\u10d1\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10dc\u10d8\u10da \u10e6\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e7\u10e0\u10d3\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10e4\u10dd\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e4\u10e3\u10ed\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0. \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10d8\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 8-14 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1 \u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db \u10d1\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e2\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10db\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1. \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10eb\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd \u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10d8\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2, \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10db\u10ef\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4, \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d7, 95 % \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e6\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d4\u10ea\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5, 92-\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc 99.5%-\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ec\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1, \u10db\u10d4\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10db\u10d8 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10e8\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 1500 \u00b0C-\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da \u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4. \u10db\u10d9\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d8\u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da \u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u10e1\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10e8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10ea\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10df\u10d4\u10d7 95 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dc\u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8, % \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10d8\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4 \u10e6\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8. \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8: \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10da\u10e3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 1180\u20131220 \u00b0C \u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d8\u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7. 24 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8:<\/p>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8: 37 % \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8. \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e7\u10db\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0. \u10e8\u10d4\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10dd \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10da\u10e3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0 11 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10d0\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 6 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8.<\/li>\n<li>95 \u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 % \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8: 4 \u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4. \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e0\u10d0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10d7. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10d0\u10da\u10dd \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10da\u10e3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10db 28 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ea\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10da\u10e3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d5 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10d8\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d0\u10ea \u10d9\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d0 \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d8.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u10e8\u10d4\u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d4\u10ed\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10dd. \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e6\u10ed\u10e3\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10da \u10e6\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d2\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0, \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e4\u10d0\u10d8\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e5\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u2014 14. \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10e3\u10da \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10ea\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd \u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d2\u10dd \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10da\u10e3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8 63%-\u10d8\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0, \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10e1\u10e7\u10d8\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10d4\u10e4\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0, \u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0\u10eb\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e1\u10ec\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10e1 \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1 \u10da\u10dd\u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10d7\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10d7, 95 % \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10e1, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d4 15 \u10d9\u10d5\/\u10db\u10db-\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e6\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10dd\u10d7\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 10\u00b9\u2074 \u03a9\u00b7\u10e1\u10db-\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8, \u10e0\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da \u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10e4\u10d0\u10d8\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10ec\u10e7\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u10e1\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e0\u10d4\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0, \u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 99 % \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da \u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1. 8000-\u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2 \u10de\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10ee\u10da\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 850 \u00b0C-\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d0\u10e6\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10db\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10df\u10dd\u10dc\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10db\u10d0 40 %-\u10d8\u10d7 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0. \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e6\u10ed\u10e3\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10eb\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3 \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e1\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e3\u10e4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4. \u10db\u10e0\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e6\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10ec\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1, 92\u201395 % \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10d9\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10e1. 1300 \u00b0C-\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da \u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10dc \u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da \u10d0\u10e2\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd \u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 99 % \u10d0\u10dc \u10d7\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea 99.5 % \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8. \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10e7\u10d8\u10e4\u10d4\u10d0, \u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10db \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10d0\u10df\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d0 \u2014 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10dc\u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d1\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10db \u10e8\u10d4\u10d8\u10eb\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d8\u10dd\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10da\u10e3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10db\u10ef\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d8\u10e6\u10ec\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d3 \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e7\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10ec\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10d6\u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10ee\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d6\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10da\u10e3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10eb\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d4\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10dc\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10ea\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da \u10d2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea \u10ec\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8, \u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1 \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10e1.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d8\u10d0\u10e4\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db \u10d8\u10db \u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10e1\u10d0\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ea\u10e3\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d0\u10dc \u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4, \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10d3\u10db\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3 \u10e3\u10d6\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e7\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d7\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e3\u10e4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10da \u10e1\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10ee\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10ea \u10e7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10e6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10dc \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10da\u10e3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10db\u10ec\u10e7\u10dd\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d6\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d3 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ec\u10e7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e1\u10d6\u10d4, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dd\u10d3 \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e0\u10e9\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e0\u10dd\u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1. \u10e0\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10ea \u10de\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10db\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10e3\u10da \u10ea\u10d8\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da \u10eb\u10d0\u10d1\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2\u10e0\u10eb\u10da\u10d8\u10d5 \u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d8\u10d5 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1, \u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10d3\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10da \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8\u10ea\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d3\u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e1\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10d3\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10d5\u10e1\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10ee\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the early days of a large ceramic tile plant expansion, the engineering team faced a recurring problem. The high-voltage insulators supporting the heating elements inside the roller kilns were failing at an alarming rate. The original porcelain insulators lasted only 8 to 14 months before cracking or developing surface tracking, which caused electrical faults&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ceramicwashers.com\/ka\/alumina-insulator-the-material-that-survived-where-porcelain-kept-failing\/\" class=\"\" rel=\"bookmark\">\u10ec\u10d0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7 \u10db\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u00bb<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d6\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8: \u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d0, \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10ea \u10d8\u10e5 \u10d2\u10d0\u10e3\u10eb\u10da\u10dd, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10ea \u10e4\u10d0\u10d8\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10ea\u10ee\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"off","neve_meta_content_width":70,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-203","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-product"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicwashers.com\/ka\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/203","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicwashers.com\/ka\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicwashers.com\/ka\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicwashers.com\/ka\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicwashers.com\/ka\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=203"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicwashers.com\/ka\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/203\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":206,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicwashers.com\/ka\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/203\/revisions\/206"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceramicwashers.com\/ka\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=203"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicwashers.com\/ka\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=203"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceramicwashers.com\/ka\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=203"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u10d5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}